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Review Article
Bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance in febrile neutropaenia in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Submitted: 25 March 2025 | Published: 26 August 2025
About the author(s)
Temitope O. Obadare, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; and, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NigeriaAdeyemi T. Adeyemo, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; and, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Oluwaseun A. Ibrahim, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Naheemot O. Sule, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Biostatistics and Occupational Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and, Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Mayowa M. Adeyemo, Department of Hematology, Pinderfields General Hospital, Mid Yorkshire NHS Trusts, Wakefield, United Kingdom
Olusegun I. Alatise, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; and, Department of General Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Febrile neutropaenia (FN) is an oncology emergency, but there is a paucity of data on it in Africa.
Aim: This study aimed to review and aggregate data on FN in the context of antibiotic resistance.
Methods: Published original articles between 1991 and 2024 were systematically searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, and African Journals Online databases (grey literature excluded). ‘Febrile neutropenia’ was combined by Boolean terms ‘OR’ and ‘AND’ with individual countries for the searched terms. Data aggregation on bacteria isolates and antibiotics was done using Microsoft Excel.
Results: Of 16 637 articles retrieved, 15 (from nine countries) with 1216 non-duplicate isolates were included in the analyses after exclusion of irrelevant and duplicate articles. There were 57.0% (698/1225) Gram-positive and 43.3% (527/1225) Gram-negative bacteria. Aggregated resistance to antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria was 71.8% (163/227), for ampicillin, 74.3% (226/304), for cefoxitin, 64.1% (25/39), and 54.0% (47/87) for oxacillin, while that of Gram-negative bacteria was 35.5% (184/519) for ciprofloxacin, 60.6% (168/277) for ceftriaxone, 65.9% (89/135) for cefuroxime, and 38.2% (153/401) for imipenem. Staphylococcus aureus had 68.8% (22/32) resistance to oxacillin/methicillin and 10% (1/10) resistance to vancomycin. Klebsiella spp. was 50% (9/18) resistant to quinolones, 75.9% (22/29) resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, and 25.0% (4/16) resistant to carbapenems, while Acinetobacter spp. was 85.7% (6/7) resistant to gentamycin.
Conclusion: This review highlighted the paucity of data and the emergence of multidrug resistance in FN in Africa. There is a need for antibiotic-resistance surveillance and antibiotic stewardship to optimise therapy in FN in Africa.
What this study adds: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of FN in Africa in the context of available laboratory resources across the African regions.
Keywords
Sustainable Development Goal
Metrics
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